| General note |
This study discussed the historical development of Nasiriyyah city at the end of Ottoman's reign between 1869M and 1914M. It illustrates the role of the city in Iraq and its surrounding area and at the same time, focuses on the city social enrichment onto (Iraqi's) political landscape. The significant of this research is highlighted since it illuminates the important aspects of Iraqi post-modern history. As such, this issue need further studies and in-depth discussions especially in the establishments of new cities in Iraq. This research also explains the importance of cities from various perspectives. The objective of this research is to elaborate the development of Nasiriyyah city from its historical point of view, administrative hierarchy, economic system and its social system in line with Ottoman government's establishment structure and its influence on other Iraqi main cities. Also, this study investigates the various ways which European's influence came to Iraq. Historical qualitative method is used in doing the sampling, in-depth analyses of historical important events and news. The research finds that the establishment of Nasiriyyah city is to curb (and end) the influence of al-Muntafiq government, which eventually was also an intention to discriminate foreign dependency. The city is also the stronghold fort for (Iraq) south districts against the Wahabiyyah and Safawiyyah's (Safavid) influence. This group of people was skilled warlords during that era. The social, administrative and economic system was upgraded during Medhat Basha's time in addition to the emergence of nationalism waves in Iraq and Nasiriyyah. The momentum was activated by the constant distribution of newspaper, magazines and other mass media. This was a strong impact of European's influence onto Ottoman's empire especially from the law and administrative system. Most of those changes appeared before the formation of political parties and underground movements. The positioning of Iraq was strategic and important because Nasiriyyah city has the privilege to regulate economical ventures via its river bank. On the other end, the Britain tried to foster friendly ties with the tribal chief's in the area in order to safeguard British's interest. But to no avail, as the whole available tribes united in cooperation and loyalty to the Ottoman's empire, the Britain annexed Faw Peninsular in 6 February 1333H/ 1914M. This cooperation happened due to the fatwa given by the Islamic theologists who indicated it is jihad to go against Britain, as none muslim state. |